COPD

COPD

COPD is the disease that is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. This disease is usually progressive and often later on leads to respiratory failure and hospitalization. This is most commonly seen in the lungs of chronic smokers or patients that are exposed to chulha smoke. Other caused include occupational dust and chemical exposure and indoor and outdoor air pollution. This is a disease of old patients exception being the patients of alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency who manifest the disease at a younger age.

What are the symptoms of COPD?

The most common symptoms include cough, expectoration and breathlessness on walking. These symptoms gradually increase with time.

What are the tests to diagnose COPD?

The tests useful for the diagnosis of COPD include-

1. Chest X-Ray- showing hyper inflated lungs.
2. Spirometry- FEV1/FVC value <0.70
3. ECG, blood counts to evaluate for other associated illnesses

Are there any associated illnesses with COPD?

The comorbidities include-

1. Weight loss
2. Skeletal muscle dysfunction
3. Nutritional abnormalities
4. Myocardial infarction, angina
5. Osteoporosis
6. Respiratory infection
7. Depression
8. Diabetes

What is the treatment of COPD?

Treatment includes-

1. Inhalers both metered dose inhalers and dry powdered inhalers
2. Pneumococcal vaccination
3. Rehabilitation remains a key intervention
4. Oxygen therapy in late stages